When it comes to modern-day drug culture, there is probably no writer better known than Hunter S. Thompson. Although a large number of people are familiar with him solely for his 1971 classic, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, he actually rose to prominence with his publication of Hell’s Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs, which employed his unique style of ‘Gonzo Journalism’. But what exactly is Hunter’s gonzo-style journalism, and what does any of this have to do with the cannabis industry? Spoiler alert: everything; starting with a drug-fueled independent journalist and ending with a marketing strategy to sell ‘Hunter’s favorite weed strains’… let’s explore further. We cover everything important, interesting, and fun, as it pertains to the cannabis industry; so subscribe to the THC Weekly Newsletter to keep up with everything going on right now. It’ll also get you premium access to stellar deals on cannabis products like vapes, edibles, and other paraphernalia! Plus, we’ve also got some sweet offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t break the bank. Check out our “Best-of” lists to access these deals, and always remember to enjoy responsibly! What is Gonzo Journalism?Gonzo journalism refers to a type of “new journalism” that became popularized in the early 1970s and relies heavily on individualistic accounts, first-person experiences, and subjective honesty. While traditional journalistic styles depend on facts and objectivity, gonzo journalism is a full-on, participatory style of writing in which the author is one of the protagonists, offering their readers completely unfiltered points of view (often critiquing politics, regulations, and other social constructs). The term “gonzo” was first coined in 1970 by Bill Cardoso, editor of The Boston Globe magazine, who used it to describe Thompson’s article titled: The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved”. Specifically, Cardoso claimed the article, which was written for the June 1970 edition of Scanlan’s Monthly, was “pure Gonzo journalism”. When asked, Cardoso was quoted saying that “gonzo” was “South Boston Irish slang describing the last man standing after an all-night drinking marathon”. Not unfitting for someone like Hunter. Thompson himself used the word loosely to describe his own work. For example, in Fear and Loathing he wrote: “But what was the story? Nobody had bothered to say. So we would have to drum it up on our own. Free Enterprise. The American Dream. Horatio Alger gone mad on drugs in Las Vegas. Do it now: pure Gonzo journalism.” This book is considered by most to be the ultimate example of gonzo journalism, but Thompson saw the work as a “failed experiment”, because be initially intended for it to be published with no edits, but we went in and revised the story five times before print. Hunter S. ThompsonAside from being an accomplished author and journalist, Hunter S. Thompson was perhaps even better known for his lifelong use of drugs and alcohol, as well as his outspoken disdain for authority. A common trademark statement of his was: “I hate to advocate drugs, alcohol, violence, or insanity to anyone, but they’ve always worked for me.” Thompson served in the US Air Force from 1955 to 1958, then moved into the field of journalism after leaving the military. After his wildly successful exposé about the Hell’s Angels, Hunter went on to contribute articles to numerous different publications including The New York Times Magazine, Esquire, Pageant, Rolling Stone, San Francisco Examiner, and Harper’s; plus several smaller, more independent media outlets. ![]() Thompson believed that objectivity in journalism did not really exist. “I don’t get any satisfaction out of the old traditional journalist’s view: ‘I just covered the story. I just gave it a balanced view,'” Thompson said in an interview with The Atlantic. “Objective journalism is one of the main reasons American politics has been allowed to be so corrupt for so long. You can’t be objective about Nixon,” he added. Although most of what Thompson wrote was completely true, he packaged his stories in satire, sarcasm, parody, and dark humor to really drive his points home. He based his tell-it-like-it-is style on William Faulkner’s theory that “fiction is often the best fact”. He would investigate all of his stories himself – often in an antagonistic, prankish, and generally unorthodox manner. He was spectacularly careless of deadlines, known to submit his articles “too late to be edited, yet still in time for the printer.” Although a nightmare for his editors, this was intentional, as Hunter prefered that his work be read exactly how he wrote it, in its true “Gonzo” fashion. Thompson’s contribution to the cannabis movementAs a cannabis industry journalist, I can say that Thompson is 150 percent correct about the dangers of objective journalism. The true role of a journalist is to investigate a subject and expose the truth, no matter who it may offend. These days, even when looking at weed-based media sites, it’s hard to find publications that are truly independent and willing to report the real facts. If we can’t even rely on the journalists within our own industry to expose government corruption, discuss problematic regulations, break down inaccurate studies and dissolve misinformation… then who can we really trust? In today’s world of rampant “fake news” and all the ‘bought-and-paid-for’ media outlets, the role of the gonzo journalist is more important than ever. Not only through influence, but Hunter S. Thompson had many direct ties to cannabis legalization efforts of the early 1970s. Thompson was a man who was known to love his pot. “I have always loved marijuana, he said. “It has been a source of joy and comfort to me for many years. And I still think of it as a basic staple of life, along with beer and ice and grapefruits – and millions of Americans agree with me.” Hunter was long-time supporter of NORML, the National Organization for the Reform Marijuana Laws. He was also a panelist at the organization’s conferences and an ongoing member of their advisory board. NORML was founded in 1970, but plans for such an establishment had been in the works for years prior. “I had founded NORML 18 months earlier in late 1970, but few people were yet aware of our work,” wrote NORML founder Keith Stroup. He goes on to comment about his first encounter with the legendary Hunter S. Thompson. ![]() “When I met Hunter, he was smoking a joint under the bleachers at the opening night of the convention,” Stroup stated. “I looked below the bleachers and what I saw was a fairly big guy smoking a fairly fat joint. He was trying to be discreet, but it wasn’t working very well. I could see him hunkering in the shadows – tall and lanky, flailing his arms and oddly familiar. Jesus Christ, I suddenly realized, that’s Hunter S. Thompson!” Hunter contributed to NORML, and to counter-culture as a whole, for years to come. On the day of his passing, NORML released the following statement: “Hunter was an inspiration to all of us who challenge the status quo in our work and lives. The ultimate outside-the-box visionary, his example reminds each of us to keep asking questions wherever we find ourselves, and whatever we do.” Gonzo cannabis strains?Hunter’s widow, Anita Thompson, claims to be in the midst of cloning six of Thompson’s favorite strains from his personal collection. Anita states that she has been storing the flower and hash for the last 15 years, in order to extract DNA from the samples. As ambiguous as these plans may be, it’s a marketing opportunity that has piqued the interest of several dispensaries across the country. “I am in the process of making the strains available to those who would like to enjoy the authentic Gonzo strains in legal states,” she said in a Facebook post. “I am looking forward to making the authentic strains available in legal states to support Owl Creek Farm and the scholarships.” Is this really possible though? According to the experts, not exactly. Nishan Karassick, CEO of Phylos Bioscience — a cannabis-focused biotechnology company that specializes in DNA profiling of cannabis strains, said the basic premise of recapturing an old phenotype is technically possible, although not the same as cloning and results may vary, quite dramatically in some cases. “You can sequence the DNA, and you can see what the nearest relative is,” he said. “Maybe you can identify something similar to a strain Hunter S. Thompson liked to smoke… but in terms of cloning a dried stash, the technology just isn’t there yet.” Final thoughtsSo, what would Hunter think about the journalism of today, the current state of industry, his personalized pot strains, and all the other crazy goings-on in the world? It’s hard to tell, but probably, he’d be just as excited as the rest of us to see what the future holds. As he was quoted saying on many occasions, “When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro.” A phrase he truly seemed to live by, and for those working in the cannabis and psychedelics industries, a phrase that hits the mark for us as well. Welcome all! Thanks for stopping by CBDtesters.co, your #1 web source for comprehensive independent news coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics industries. Join us whenever you can to stay informed on the quickly-moving worlds of cannabis and psychedelics, and check out The THC Weekly Newsletter, to ensure you never miss an important story. Disclaimer: Hi, I’m a researcher and writer. I’m not a doctor, lawyer, or businessperson. All information in my articles is sourced and referenced, and all opinions stated are mine. I am not giving anyone advice, and though I am more than happy to discuss topics, should someone have a further question or concern, they should seek guidance from a relevant professional.
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In the past few years, we’ve seen a major increase in the advocacy for mental health, particularly those who suffer from anxiety, depression, and other emotional states. The once-villainized marijuana is playing a major role in helping people relax and destress naturally, thanks to its powerful psychoactive effects. Yet some people prefer a smoother and more subdued high, opting for a high that allows the user to remain clear-headed and in control. This “lighter” version of marijuana is known as Delta-8 THC, and is also a psychoactive cannabinoid that comes in many different types of products. Today we’ll be reviewing a more advanced-user item: the Oil Apparatus from Frisco Labs! We’ll take a brief look at the Frisco Labs company and then do an exhaustive review on this intriguing product. Let’s begin. Here at CBD Testers, we love products! We love to try them and share what we learned with our readers. This Delta-8 THC oil apparatus from Frisco Labs is are truly a fun product, and we’re excited to share the experience with you. For more product reviews and articles, and for exclusive deals on all the trending cannabinoid products, remember to subscribe to The THC Weekly Newsletter. Also save big on Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC products by checking out our “Best-of” lists! Frisco Labs OverviewFrisco Labs specializes in a delightful assortment of CBD and Delta-8 THC infused products, ranging from simple gummies and tinctures to more advanced items like waxes and dabs. But their most intriguing product is their vapes. While technically a disposable item, Frisco vapes (also referred to as Oil Apparatus) can be recharged (charging cable included) until the oil within has been completely exhausted. Their Delta-8 THC vapes are sold for $59.95 and come in a broad range of flavors. While the majority of the flavors are hybrid blends, there is a single sativa (Super Sour Diesel) and a single indica (Blue Zkittles) for those who prefer a specific strain. The company stresses that there are NO additional chemicals or additives in their oils, such as common vape ingredients (vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol, or vitamin E) or mineral oils. Their products are rigorously tested via independent third-party labs, but you’ll have to contact Frisco Labs directly to view the results of said testing. Each device comes with 90% clear AAA grade Delta-8 THC oil that has been nanoized for maximum purity. The oil chamber contains 1.2grams of Delta-8 THC that has been sourced from certified GMP hemp and terpenes, free of any pesticides, heavy metals, and other solvents. Frisco Labs’ dedication to quality definitely gets our seal of approval thus far, but keep reading to see our in-depth review of the actual product. Delta-8 THC Oil Apparatus Product ReviewOne of the most striking things about Frisco Lab’s vapes was the sleek yet simple design. The device was about the same size and weight of a regular thumb drive. Since the devices activate by inhaling, there is no fear of the device firing in a pocket or purse. However, I did notice that the small hole in the drip tip could easily get clogged with pocket lint or dirt, so I recommend keeping the rubber stopper on when not in use. A small oval-shaped window near the top of the device showed how much of the oil remained, and the oil itself was a clear and light yellow, but had an extremely thick consistency. The device should be kept upright to ensure an accurate reading of the oil remaining. ![]() I had the honor of reviewing four of Frisco Lab’s vapes, two hybrids, one sativa, and one indica. The sativa strain was called Super Sour Diesel, one of the most iconic flavors in the entire weed industry. The flavor was sharp and piney, almost identical to the marijuana flavor. Next, there was a hybrid strain called Pineapple Kush. This flavor was also piney, but offered a fruity sweetness blended with a light tanginess. The third flavor of the oil apparatus devices was called Wedding Cake. This was a truly unique flavor because underneath the layer of spicy hemp flavor, there was a sweet and creamy flavor that reminded me heavily of the dessert flavored vapes. But my ultimate favorite was the indica blend called Blue Zkittles. The flavor was a blend of sugared blue raspberry and chewy sphere-shaped candies that was deliciously sweet. Each of the flavors were distinctive in both taste and scent of the clouds. I tried each of these flavors one at a time, spanning the course of four days. The Delta-8 THC kicked in within five minutes of my initial inhale, and I took 1-3 inhales of each oil apparatus. The high for each strain delivered a warm euphoria that had me fully relaxed in a matter of minutes. Since sativa blends are more for daytime use, I enjoyed the Super Sour Diesel during the day when I needed a burst of creativity and motivation. For the indica blend, I enjoyed the Blue Zkittle after a long day to relax and encourage sleepiness. For the two hybrid blends, Wedding Cake and Pineapple Kush, I enjoyed these earlier in the evening for a combination of relaxation and euphoria. The high for each strain lasted for about an hour, was highly enjoyable, and did not have any adverse side effects like dry mouth or overwhelming anxiety. The effects and reaction times of these types of Delta-8 THC products will vary based on personal factors, such as weight, gender, metabolism, age, previous exposure to THC, and more. You should never operate machinery or vehicles while under the influence of a Delta-8 THC high. Make sure to start with small doses, as you can always increase your dosage over time. Consuming too much Delta-8 THC in a single session can result in extreme drowsiness and mild paranoia, but will taper offer after some time has passed. Lastly, always consume Delta-8 THC products in a calming and safe environment where you can enjoy the effects of the high to their fullest potential. Final thoughts on Frisco Labs Delta-8 THC Oil ApparatusFrisco Labs is one of the lesser-known brands in the industry, but offers a quality product that deserves to be ranked with some of the top brands in the industry. The oil apparatuses were sleek and well-designed, easy to use, and packed so much rich flavor instead of just a sharp hemp taste. Premium flavored Delta-8 THC vapes are hard to find, especially rechargeable ones, but not anymore! Frisco Labs’ innovation to offer deliciously flavored Delta-8 THC vapes created an entirely new sector in the industry that we fully support. If you’re interested in enjoying a premium cloud of flavored vapor that packs a powerful punch of Delta-8 THC, we highly encourage you to check out Frisco Labs’ entire lineup of vapes. Feel free to let us know in the comments what your favorite flavor is, how your overall experience was, and what flavors you’d like to try next! Check back with us soon for the next in-depth product review of various cannabinoid-infused products in the market today! We look forward to seeing you there! Hello and Welcome! Thanks for making it to CBDtesters.co, the internet’s preeminent location for the most important and though-provoking cannabis and psychedelics-related news globally. Visit us whenever you can to stay on top of the always-in-flux universe of legal drugs and industrial hemp. For the best deals on Delta 8 and other THC products, remember to subscribe to The THC Weekly Newsletter.The post Product Review: Frisco Labs Delta-8 THC Oil Apparatus appeared first on CBD Testers. Via https://cbdtesters.co/2022/03/20/product-review-frisco-labs-delta-8-thc-oil-apparatus/ It seems today, everyone wants to quit something, and not everyone is having an easy time of it. Whether you’re going to therapy, trying some quick fix being advertised on TV, or depending on will power, it’s hard to change from hard-set patterns. So, it’s always nice to know when a better method might be out there. While it might not be an answer for everyone, there is plenty of evidence to indicate that smoking pot could help a person drink less. With all the damage caused by drinking, the best answer might be in a form of contraband. The evidence is building that smoking pot can make a person want to drink less, and this could be beneficial to tons of people suffering from alcohol addiction! We’re all about the most important cannabis-related stories of today; so subscribe to the THC Weekly Newsletter to stay up on all the current news going on. Also, it’ll get you premium access to deals on cannabis flowers, vapes, edibles, and much more! We’ve also got standout offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t kill your bank account. Head over to our “Best-of” lists to get these deals, and remember to enjoy responsibly! VicesLet’s be honest, we all have them. Some people can’t handle money in their pocket, and feel the urge to spend what they have. Some go further, betting what they have and hoping to get more, even despite losses that leave them with less. Some people are addicted to going from bed to bed, despite the risk of disease, and some love modifying their bodies so much, that it becomes a constant in life. And some just want to change their mental state, and will take anything to that end, even if it ruins their health. Having said that, some of the issues with certain substances, are the dangers they pose to life and health. Because of this, the idea of ‘drugs’ is understood to be ‘dangerous’. Does this apply to all drugs we’re told are dangerous? Absolutely not! And the current situation with both cannabis and psychedelics, is a great example. While both are Schedule I, both categories are generally considered not only to be medically safe, but are useful for helping to deal with other medical situations. This really shines a light on how misinformed governing bodies can be. Or perhaps how corrupt they are. So, while cannabis and psychedelics certainly don’t deserve the treatment they’ve received, (and we sure don’t deserve having good things restricted from us), some substances really do carry the dangers we’re told about. And some have even more than what is expected for how they’re treated. Because, as cannabis and psychedelics sit in Schedule I federally, alcohol is so ubiquitous, it can be found nearly everywhere with a cash register. It’s also the substance with one of the highest rates of death and disability, and a cause of all kinds of violence, accidents, and disease, everywhere in the world. ![]() Can smoking pot make a person drink less – the evidenceI think it’s always important to mention that people are different. Just like smoking pot makes some people relaxed and happy, the very same bud can make someone else incredibly anxious. So, the idea of what can be useful, is not necessarily going to be relevant to everyone. However, oftentimes, even if we’re all different, something can stand out as working for a substantial amount of people. What is one of those things that keeps popping up? That smoking more pot often leads a person to drink less alcohol. This is seen in an Australian study from 2014 called Changes in cigarette and alcohol use during cannabis abstinence. The study specifically looked at if people quitting cannabis, in turn drank more. The study was “a secondary analysis of a prospective community-based study quantified cannabis, alcohol and tobacco use with Timeline Follow-back during a two-week voluntary cannabis abstinence and at one-month follow-up in non-treatment seeking cannabis users. Cannabis use was verified by urine THC-COOH levels.” What was found? That alcohol use greatly increased when abstaining from cannabis. Not only that, these increases went away when cannabis use was resumed. The longer a person abstained from cannabis (all the way through to the one-month follow-up), the less the alcohol increases were noticeable. And at a one-month follow-up, most had resumed smoking pot, and did not show alcohol increases anymore, but rather were back to drinking less alcohol. When drinking did increase, it wasn’t by a small amount, but by an average of eight standard units. More evidenceThat’s not the only study to show this connection between smoking pot and and the desire to drink less. The Canadian Cannabis Patient Survey of 2019, which was sponsored by Tilray (a cannabis and pharmaceutical company), is a national and cross-sectional study. One of its major findings is that almost 44% of respondents who were drinkers prior to using medical cannabis, reported drinking less while using medical cannabis. Another is this observational study: Effects of cannabis use on alcohol consumption in a sample of treatment-engaged heavy drinkers in Colorado, where it was found that drinkers who were trying to drink less, and who also used cannabis, seemed to use less alcohol on days they consumed the cannabis. The 96 participants used in the study, were a subset of an initial 182 participants enrolled in a larger randomized controlled study about drinking. The subset was created based on whether participants use cannabis or not. ![]() A last example I have is actually a personal one. It deals with a friend I’ve had for many years. This guy is currently getting divorced from his wife over his drinking habits, and despite five trips to rehab, and watching his own friend die from too much heavy drinking, has not been able to quit. This guy actually marks his bottles to keep track of how much he drinks, and this is why I brought him up. As someone who supports the use of psychedelic for addiction issues, I have repeatedly encouraged him to seek out an addiction study using psychedelics in order to get treatment. I also encouraged him to do what this article is about, use more weed in an effort to drink less. And to be honest, he wasn’t up for it, because it meant paying for both. However, when a friend of his left a bag of weed at his house, he found himself as his own inadvertent study subject. He said smoking the weed made his drinking go down by a third. And whereas some drinkers might not track what they consume, he does, by way of marking his bottles. He said he didn’t think about it at the time, and it wasn’t something he actually noticed in his behavior. But that he could see the end result on his bottles, and in how frequently he had to buy a new one. Far as I know he did not keep this up when the bag ran out, but it does help support the idea that smoking pot could lead to less drinking. How bad is alcohol?One thing to understand about cannabis, is that regardless of the smear campaigns out there, it has no death toll attached. This isn’t to say that a person can’t get sick, particularly from consuming too much THC, something that has been known to happen with edibles, or mislabeled products. It might not help everyone drive better, but as weed has been highly available forever, and the idea of driving and smoking never registered much before, it’s illogical to assume that suddenly this would change. Meaning we might get told about a few isolated incidences more, but there also seems to be no real issue here. And certainly not when being compared to alcohol. How bad is alcohol for our collective heath? A 2018 study found that approximately three million deaths worldwide were attributable to drinking in 2016. This study encompassed 195 countries and looked at the years from 1990-2016. It also found absolutely no safe amount of alcohol consumption, with no medical value at any level. In terms of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors, the 2016 study, which used 694 data points and investigated individual and population alcohol consumption, including 592 related studies, found this information: In 2016, alcohol was the 7th place holder worldwide for death and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), a measurement of overall health burden due to time lost to sickness, disability, and death. DALY’s are used to show differences in health and life expectancy between countries. In the 15-49 age group, alcohol was the primary risk factor for death and disability. As in the #1 factor. This beat out cardiovascular issues, respiratory issues, and any other drug use. ![]() In fact, it even makes the opioid epidemic seem like nothing. And yet, there are painfully few countries that don’t promote the use of alcohol. Including the US of A. Not only that, but the majority (excluding the US of A), allow it starting at the age of 18. Weirdly enough, that makes the US a country with a safer policy than nearly anywhere else when it comes to alcohol, though I can personally attest to how little this is followed. Not enough to sway you just yet? Well, according to the Nation Institute on Health (NIH), about 95,000 people in the US alone die from alcohol-related issues every year. To put it in context, that’s more than the 70,000ish that now die from opioids a year, and we call that an epidemic. Much like smoking, where those that don’t smoke can still die of second-hand smoke, alcohol is good at causing death to those who never took a drink. In 2014, 9,967 deaths were logged due to drunk driving, which totaled an entire 31% of all driving deaths that year. As of 2019, approximately 14.1 million US adults were estimated to have drinking problems, and get this…about a half million teens as well aged 12-17. The idea that cannabis could help lower any of this at all, makes it not only a good thing, but one that should be promoted to help assuage the massive damage that alcohol causes. ConclusionMy own life experience backs up the idea, because smoking pot makes me want to drink less. In fact, if I smoke, I don’t want to drink alcohol at all. I can only say that as a statement for myself, but if it happens that way for me, it likely happens similarly for other people too. This does not mean, however, that it will apply to everyone. Considering how many people are grappling with drinking issues, and don’t know how to get a handle on them, it seems the idea of using cannabis, could be an excellent, and safe, way to bring own the drinking. Hello and welcome! You’ve made it to CBDtesters.co, the #1 web spot for the most comprehensive independent news coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics industries. Join us whenever possible to stay in-the-loop on the ever-changing landscape of cannabis and psychedelics, and subscribe to The THC Weekly Newsletter, so you’re always on top of what’s going on. Disclaimer: Hi, I’m a researcher and writer. I’m not a doctor, lawyer, or businessperson. All information in my articles is sourced and referenced, and all opinions stated are mine. I am not giving anyone advice, and though I am more than happy to discuss topics, should someone have a further question or concern, they should seek guidance from a relevant professional. The post Does Smoking Pot Make You Want to Drink Less? appeared first on CBD Testers. Via https://cbdtesters.co/2022/03/20/does-smoking-pot-make-you-want-to-drink-less/ Live performance of any kind can be a daunting, stressful and strenuous activity. This is the case for any type of performance; if you’re an athlete performing in the Olympics, if you’re a musician on tour, if you’re an actor on set or onstage, if you’re a soldier fighting in a war, or if you’re a student taking an exam – all of these have similarities. The similarity between these activities is the need to perform, there and then, and do it well. You’re there, in the flesh, the pressure is on, the stakes are high, and you want to succeed. It’s no surprise, then, that for years people have been using specific substances in order to enhance their performance during stressful times like these. But why is this? Why do certain drugs help enhance performance and confidence? And how many well-known stars have been doing this? Let’s take a closer look. We cover everything important in the cannabis industry; so subscribe to the THC Weekly Newsletter to keep up with everything going on right now. It’ll also get you premium access to stellar deals on cannabis products like vapes, edibles, and other paraphernalia! Plus, we’ve also got some sweet offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t break the bank. Check out our “Best-of” lists to access these deals, and always remember to enjoy responsibly! PerformanceIn a sense, it’s hard to understand why anyone would ever want to put themselves under the stress and responsibility of performing. Performing is an umbrella term that can mean a whole load of different activities. Sex is a performance. Acting is a performance. Competing is a performance. Fighting is a performance. Doing an exam is a performance. Whilst most people think of performance needing an audience, anything that requires you to perform at a certain level is, intrinsically, a performance. Performance anxiety can come from the fear of doing a bad job. In the case of warfare, doing a bad job could lead to death. Whereas, not performing well during sexual intercourse, could lead to an unsatisfied partner. The issue is, a good performance requires a level of calmness and confidence. If you think about the best musicians you’ve ever seen live, none of them will have looked scared or anxious. They will have looked calm and collected. Avoiding performance anxiety is a necessity for many performers and some will do whatever they can to ensure they don’t experience it at crucial moments. WebMD writes: “Performance anxiety can prevent you from doing what you enjoy and can affect your career. Worst of all, performance anxiety can negatively affect your self-esteem and self-confidence. Although it may be impossible to totally overcome performance anxiety, there are many things you can do to control your emotions and reduce anxiety.” There’s very few occasions where performance anxiety or stage-fright improves your overall performance. Unless, perhaps, you’re playing a character in a film who is anxious and nervous in themselves. But even then, the anxiety you feel towards being filmed could lead to you forgetting your lines or looking at the camera. Essentially, a good performance requires confidence; that’s the bottom line. But how far will people go to get it? Performance & DrugsPerformance-enhancing drugs are often criticised by the masses, and prosecuted by the FDA. This specific class of drugs are used by athletes in order to physically enhance the sportsman. In a sense, these drugs are different from confidence-giving substances as they make a genuine physical difference to the user. However, in this article, we’re going to be throwing them all together in one. We will be making the case that any drug used to enhance a performance – be it for confidence or physicality – all comes from the same idea and concept. So let’s take a look at the different types of performers who use drugs to enhance their performance. AthleticsAs previously mentioned, athletes are some of the most obvious users of performance-enhancing drugs. In competitive sports, the margin between success and failure can be extremely miniscule. Consider the 100m sprint, every sprinter is extremely talented and often it’s only a very small difference between first and second place. Therefore, any opportunity to somehow get the edge on your opponent, people will take. Hence why performance enhancing drugs, despite their illegality, can be common. The Australian Academy of Science splits the drugs athletes can use into categories: “Among the most popular PEDs are anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, erythropoietin (EPO), beta-blockers, stimulants and diuretics to name just a few.” ![]() Some help speed up the growth of muscles, others help pump blood around the body quicker and thus improving oxygenation, and some simply enhance the energy of the athlete. Most of these drugs, except perhaps creatine, are banned. Lance Armstong, one of the best cyclists ever to exist, admitted to having taken the growth hormone performance-enhancing drug. Supposedly, this drug helped him to 7 Tour De France victories. Ultimately, the reason athletes dope is because they know it could be the difference between success and failure. MusicMusicians might look like they’re living the coolest life in the world, but in reality, the long and strenuous tours can take up most of their year. Plus, it doesn’t allow them time for themselves or time to get into good routines. Johnny Cash was known to have toured 300 days in a year during his peak addiction issues. It’s likely that musicians won’t see their family and friends much, and will be forced into bad diets and bad sleeping patterns whilst on tour. That’s not to say that the insane money they make won’t fix these issues soon after, it’s just important to note that musicians are under a lot of pressure. In addition, the responsibility of putting on a great show for audience after audience can lead to anxiety and stage-fright. That’s why it’s no surprise that a lot of the greatest musicians have struggled with drug addiction. Musicians can use drugs to boost their confidence, to help them enjoy the experience, to numb themselves completely, or even, to spark creativity. Johnny Cash was addicted to amphetamines, Elton John used cocaine, Eminem used valium, the Beatles enjoyed acid, and Amy Winehouse dabbled in heroin. It’s no surprise that some of music’s greats have turned to drugs to make them feel different. Afterall, they’re living a career that so many would dream of, and when they inevitably start to find it difficult, they probably think there’s something wrong with them. Instead, fame and pressure is the issue, not themselves. ActingJust like musicians, actors also have used substances in order to boost their confidence. However, the art of acting is about feeling the emotion, rather than ‘putting on a good show’. Therefore, actors have to be far more careful about the drugs they use. It’s much easier to tell when an actor is on drugs than a musician. During the filming of Star Wars, Carie Fisher and Harrison Ford opened up to taking copious amounts of cocaine before shooting. In addition, during the shooting of hit sit-com Friends, Mathew Perry, who played Chandler, was suffering from severe addiction. During a BBC interview, Perry admitted: “From an outsider’s perspective, it would seem like I had it all..It was actually a very lonely time for me because I was suffering from alcoholism…I don’t remember three years of it…I was a little out of it at the time — somewhere between seasons three and six.” Matthew Perry admitted that he used drugs and alcohol as a way to deal with the severe responsibility of needing to be funny all of the time. Even some of the most successful actors and esteemed theatre actors admit to having a little tippled to boost their confidence before going onstage. SoldiersFighting in a war can be brutal and scary. You can use loved ones, friends, and even your own life, in the blink of an eye. Therefore, more often than not, soldiers are dealing with PTSD as well as anxiety about the near future. Wikipedia writes about the use of drugs during warfare: “Alcohol has a long association of military use, and has been called “liquid courage” for its role in preparing troops for battle. It has also been used to anaesthetize injured soldiers, celebrate military victories, and cope with the emotions of defeat.” ![]() More recently, during the middle eastern war with ISIS, soldiers have been reported to be using captagon – a drug to enhance the confidence and focus of the soldiers. StudentsThe final, but often least-considered type of performance we will be covering is student exams. While it may seem like there’s less at stake, we surely can all remember the stress and pressure of important school exams and the emotional impact that had on us. Plus, fitting that much information into your brain can feel impossible. That is why many students today are using focus-enhancing drugs, such as addrerol. The Guardian writes: “Students used to take drugs to get high. Now they take them to get higher grades” Final thoughts on drugs and performancePerforming, in any capacity, can be a fearful and stressful activity. But over the years people have found ways to cope using drugs to boost confidence, euphoria and focus. Whether you believe this to be a bad thing or a good thing, it’s happening. And it will continue to happen. Perhaps when people begin to finally acknowledge the pressure that is put under performers constantly, then this might stop. Welcome all! Thanks for stopping by CBDtesters.co, your #1 web source for comprehensive independent news coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics industries. Join us whenever you can to stay informed on the quickly-moving worlds of cannabis and psychedelics, and check out The THC Weekly Newsletter, to ensure you never miss an important story. Disclaimer: Hi, I’m a researcher and writer. I’m not a doctor, lawyer, or businessperson. All information in my articles is sourced and referenced, and all opinions stated are mine. I am not giving anyone advice, and though I am more than happy to discuss topics, should someone have a further question or concern, they should seek guidance from a relevant professional. The post Live Performance and Drugs: The Art of Confidence appeared first on CBD Testers. Via https://cbdtesters.co/2022/03/20/live-performance-and-drugs/ While the majority of cannabis events are centered on products, trends, and other recreational aspects, The Emerald Conference is focused on what is arguably the most important component of this nascent industry: science and research. Among the multitude of professionals who shared their theories and experiences, there were strong feelings of vindication in the knowledge that what we’re all doing here is not for naught. Events like The Emerald Conference are pivotal to the advancement of any industry involving plant-based consumer products, but this is especially true in an alternative niche like cannabis. Giving the scientific community a platform where they can openly discuss their findings and insights is the only way to dismantle the misinformation and “black-market paranoia” that runs rampant the world of marijuana; and has been the basis for harsh prohibition laws in the US for nearly 100 years. Cannabis is one of those industries where it seems like there is always something new and exciting to learn about. We cover everything important in this niche; so subscribe to the THC Weekly Newsletter to keep up with everything going on right now. It’ll also get you premium access to stellar deals on cannabis products like vapes, edibles, and other paraphernalia! Plus, we’ve also got some sweet offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t break the bank. Check out our “Best-of” lists to access these deals, and always remember to enjoy responsibly! About the event (and details for next year)This event that just passed was large enough to offer some diversity and wonderful networking opportunities, but not so massive that you felt overwhelmed or like you were missing out on anything. It took place in the beautiful, beachy city of San Diego, California, at Loews Coronado Bay Resort during the very beginning of March. Honestly, the weather couldn’t have been any more perfect, it was sunny and mild, and very welcoming. Unlike other events, which are often structured under the standard exhibitor/booth layout where attendees walk the convention floor and talk to all the various exhibitors to learn more about their products and services – the Emerald Conference is all about the sessions (with a small exhibitor hall on the premises). Essentially, it’s like going back for a weekend college course to learn about all the latest advancements in cannabis and psychedelic sciences. ![]() Speaking of psychedelics, the most recent event did have a couple of sessions that touched on this class of substances, primarily psilocybin, the active ingredient in magic mushrooms. It was exciting to know that these compounds are on researchers’ radars, and I expect there will be much more on these emerging fields in years to come. On that note, the Emerald Conference is already planning for next year’s event, which will be going on March 1-3, 2023, at the same location. Shoot us a quick message or drop a line in the comment section below if you need help booking tickets and making travel arrangements. ConclusionAs far as industry events go, this one is no-frills but one of my favorites. If it wasn’t for the known safety-profile and therapeutic benefits of cannabis, those backed by years of rigorous research, the possibility of legalization would likely not even be entertained by most government officials. However, thanks to the dedicated work of scientists in the industry, cannabis legalization is currently one of the hottest political topics of our time. Events like this really put everything into perspective and serve as a reminder that despite all the seemingly crazy things happening in the retail sector, cannabis is and always will be a healing plant that should be studied, respected, and utilized to its full potential. Closing thoughts from David Dawson, Ph.D. Senior Scientist Via Innovations: “The Emerald Conference’s high standards for peer-reviewed work and desire for open collaboration amongst participants sets it apart from the vast majority of cannabis conferences.” I couldn’t agree more, and hope to see some of you there next year! Welcome all! Thanks for stopping by CBDtesters.co, your #1 web source for comprehensive independent news coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics industries. Join us whenever you can to stay informed on the quickly-moving worlds of cannabis and psychedelics, and check out The THC Weekly Newsletter, to ensure you never miss an important story. Disclaimer: Hi, I’m a researcher and writer. I’m not a doctor, lawyer, or businessperson. All information in my articles is sourced and referenced, and all opinions stated are mine. I am not giving anyone advice, and though I am more than happy to discuss topics, should someone have a further question or concern, they should seek guidance from a relevant professional. The post Cannabis Science for the Win – Emerald Conference Recap appeared first on CBD Testers. Via https://cbdtesters.co/2022/03/18/cannabis-science-for-the-win-emerald-conference-recap/ ‘Microdose’ is certainly a buzz term these days, and it can be applied to many things. Some people don’t want the full tab of acid or the full mushroom, and a smaller version of it, called a microdose, is more preferable. This same idea applies to weed, and in looking at microdosing pot, the question arises, of if we smoke too much. Sure, standard culture dictates taking hit after hit of weed, but is this too much for some people, and is it possible they just don’t know? Microdosing pot might be the best answer to THC sickness, while still reaping the benefits of marijuana. We cover everything important in the cannabis industry; so subscribe to the THC Weekly Newsletter to keep up with everything going on right now. It’ll also get you premium access to stellar deals on cannabis products like vapes, edibles, and other paraphernalia! Plus, we’ve also got some sweet offers on cannabinoids, like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC, which won’t break the bank. Check out our “Best-of” lists to access these deals, and always remember to enjoy responsibly! What is a microdose?A microdose isn’t a difficult concept, it’s simply a smaller dose than is usually taken of a substance. A regular or general dose is often determined by how much of it is needed in order to bring on effects. But it should be remembered that different effects can be brought on at different levels of substance use. Which means, microdosing allows for some effects to be had, but is not enough for others. This can mean as little as 1/20th of a standard dose, but there really aren’t rules here. Think of LSD or mushrooms, drugs where the term ‘microdose’ is not uncommon. A full tab of acid or a full mushroom might send a person into hours of hallucinations, spiritual adventures, and altered thinking. But a microdose of one of these compounds might just illicit some general feel-good sensations, and a much milder version of the above. So how much is a microdose? You can often find amounts in publications for full doses and microdoses. However, it should be remembered that different people are reactive to different amounts of compounds. This means, for a heavy user of LSD, a standard dose might seem like a microdose, and for the super-sensitive out there, a standard microdose might be like a full dose. It’s also best to remember we come in different sizes, and this greatly effects how drugs affect us individually. A 95-pound girl would not need as much of almost any compound as a 200-pound man. ![]() Then there’s also the idea of habituating to something, and growing tolerance. If you’ve never taken a drug, its best not jump in like an expert. Maybe the guy next to you can handle three tabs of LSD, and maybe one day you will too, but it doesn’t mean you’ll get there on the first try, and misinterpreting this can lead to a bad trip. When starting with something new, a microdose is sometimes preferable in that it offers a smaller amount. As a person gets used to what they’re working with, they can establish what a good microdose amount – and regular dose amount – are for themselves. Each person will have their own limits, and these limits can vary by substance, meaning a person who likes to drink heavily, might only appreciate a small amount of mushrooms, or a person with a low tolerance for weed, might require a greater amount of ketamine. This can also vary by situation, and can be dependent on whatever else might be in the user’s system. The art of microdosing potI’ve been a weed smoker for half my life, and the idea of microdosing pot never entered my mind as a thing until I started to develop anxiety from smoking. I probably always got a little, but never put it together. Upon it getting noticeably worse, I had to cut down how much I was smoking. In essence, I started microdosing my pot instead. Although when I first cut back, this was not the term in my head. By microdosing my cannabis, I simply mean that instead of taking hit after hit after hit, which is pretty standard for marijuana users, I started to take one hit at a time, followed by a break. Just enough to feel a little buzz, but without the overall heaviness, the deep relaxation, and in my case, the anxiety, of standard smoking. I take hits as frequently as I see fit, but generally only one at a time. It’s actually incredibly easy microdosing pot, especially when vaping or smoking it. With edibles, a user must wait more time to establish if the dose amount is too much or too little, but when breathing it in, this is established very easily and quickly. We take it in in breaths, so simply limiting the amount of breaths, means limiting the amount of THC, hence a microdose. It doesn’t require cutting anything up, or weighing anything out. It just means taking a hit…and then stopping! Do we smoke too much?In coming to my own realization about my need for microdosing weed (and this is not all the time, which does imply other aspects of bodily function as a part of my reaction), it started to occur to me that perhaps we smoke way more than we need to. Or, at least, way more than we need to, to get optimal effects. Or, to look at it another way, we smoke more than we need to, to get the ultimate effects. Truth is, past a point, the hits matter less and less, and no new high is accomplished unless the THC has time to wane. If you’ve smoked a lot, you know this. Even if it doesn’t stop you from going for the next hit. ![]() Thing is, that’s what smoking culture is all about. Taking hit after hit after hit after hit. I’ve been at parties where we passed joints around for hours, or I’ve sat in my own room watching a show and hitting my vape over and over. It becomes a habit. A thing to do. In some situations, a way to handle nerves, or simply something to do with the hands. It’s like, when there’s a break in the conversation, and no one knows what to do, a new joint gets lit. Some drugs we’d never think to do this with. While with others, constant microdosing is the way it goes. Think drinking alcohol. Sure, you can take a shot, but generally we drink it down in sips, with each sip being a microdose amount. The difference between alcohol and cannabis though, is that one can kill you if you microdose to the point of overdosing, and one will do no more than make you feel sick for a little while, if you get that far. Ever gotten weed-sick?You might not die from using pot, but you can make yourself sick. I started microdosing pot when I started getting little anxiety spells after smoking. Sometimes if I was walking it felt like a minor dizziness, accompanied by the anxiety of feeling dizziness. When I took out the smoking, it went away. When I reinserted it in microdose mounts, I was fine. I wasn’t quite as sky-high, but I still got plenty high, and I was okay with that, especially if I had to be up and moving anyway. We talk a lot these days about the ability to overdose on THC, and the sickness it causes. But what if this could all be avoided by simply taking in less? Maybe a person getting sick off a whole joint of smoking, would be fine with just three hits. I don’t seem to actually have an issue with THC, it just feels more like I’m sensitized to it at times, and taking in a smaller amount works better. Maybe the entire idea of THC sickness could be avoided by simply smoking less. And this implies that our culture of continuous smoking, promotes THC overdoses. I really do wonder if every person who has told me they get anxiety/paranoia/any not-good-feeling from weed, simply smoked more than they needed to, for their specific body. It could be that some people require a smaller dose, and our culture of constant smoking, didn’t allow them to know that. Most people dive right in because it’s the norm. For anyone more sensitive, doing this the first time, could make a person think that they just can’t handle it at all. The idea of whether we smoke too much is subjective for the most part. Most people won’t consume cannabis past feeling sick, though its possible that feeling sick comes from over-consumption, and nothing else. A lot of times, it just seems wasteful more than anything else. If hit after hit after hit doesn’t increase the high, maybe a person could save themselves some money by taking a break. ![]() ConclusionNo one really talks about microdosing pot, but in some ways, it’s probably the most misunderstood drug when it comes to microdosing. And conversely, one of the easiest drugs to microdose with. While I’m not a doctor, and not giving anyone advice, I do wonder if those who’ve had issues in the past with THC making them feel not good, could turn the whole ship around by simply smoking less. Welcome all! Thanks for stopping by CBDtesters.co, your #1 web source for comprehensive independent news coverage of the cannabis and psychedelics industries. Join us whenever you can to stay informed on the quickly-moving worlds of cannabis and psychedelics, and check out The THC Weekly Newsletter, to ensure you never miss an important story. Disclaimer: Hi, I’m a researcher and writer. I’m not a doctor, lawyer, or businessperson. All information in my articles is sourced and referenced, and all opinions stated are mine. I am not giving anyone advice, and though I am more than happy to discuss topics, should someone have a further question or concern, they should seek guidance from a relevant professional. The post Do We Smoke Too Much? The Art of Microdosing Pot appeared first on CBD Testers. Via https://cbdtesters.co/2022/03/18/do-we-smoke-too-much-the-art-of-microdosing-pot/ CBD, THC, CBN, CBG – those are just a few cannabinoids gaining mainstream traction. We know what they do and where they come from. But what are cannabinoids? What role do they play in nature and human consumption? Whether you’re interested in cannabis plant botany, medicine, or recreational topics, it’s crucial to understand the mystery behind these compounds. Let’s dive into the fantastic realm of this relatively unexplored cannabis topic. What Are Cannabinoids?Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that directly or indirectly interact with the body’s endocannabinoid receptors. While these dynamics vary from one cannabinoid to another, the core mechanism of action is similar. Although cannabis Sativa L. is the only plant source of cannabinoids, it’s not the only place you’ll find them. Next, we’ll explore the different cannabinoid categories. PhytocannabinoidsPhytocannabinoids are naturally found in cannabis. The prefix “phyto” means “plant-related” (or some variation), hence the name. For most of us, phytocannabinoids need little introduction. Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are both key examples. But there are over 100 known cannabinoids in the plant Cannabis Sativa L. EndocannabinoidsAlthough we’re somewhat focused on phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids arguably play a more consistent role in our daily health. “Endo” means “internal,” so endocannabinoids are essentially internal cannabinoids that our bodies naturally produce. We’ll cover these in more detail shortly. What Are Some Examples of Cannabinoids?There are over 100 known cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, although none have psychoactive effects comparable to THC. Still, these compounds play a substantial role in shaping your recreational or medical marijuana experience. Unfortunately, we can’t cover the complete list, so let’s look at some major and minor cannabinoids produced by the cannabis Sativa plant and beyond.
What Do Cannabinoids Do?Whether internal (endocannabinoids) or external (phytocannabinoids), these natural compounds work the same way. They also serve many different functions – most of which, admittedly, we don’t conclusively understand. However, research unravels the mysteries of cannabinoids, especially their connection to receptors in the peripheral (CB2 receptors) and central nervous system (CB1 receptors). Without going into too much detail, cannabinoids help regulate various critical functions to maintain homeostasis, according to a 2008 entry in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. “Homeostasis” is a fancy word for “balance.” When this internal equilibrium is in place, our bodies and minds remain healthy and fully functional. But when thrown off balance, it can lead to many potential health problems. The study above notes how cannabinoids modulate a variety of internal functions, including:
This list is far from complete and doesn’t cover many of the potential benefits of cannabinoids. Let’s look at those next. What are the Benefits of Cannabinoids?The medical use of cannabis dates back several millennia. From Crohn’s disease to cancer, claims about the plant’s benefits gave rise to various medicinal products, along with thousands of supplement options. Every cannabinoid likely offers therapeutic benefits, but we’ll focus on those that received the most attention in recent years. CBD and Its BenefitsCBD is associated with an extensive list of benefits, supported mainly by preliminary evidence. Pain PerceptionSome evidence suggests CBD may assist with pain perception. A 2021 study in The Journal of Pain examined over 2,700 human participants with fibromyalgia. Those who took CBD reported improvement mild to substantial improvement in chronic pain. Cardiovascular HealthAccording to a 2017 study in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, CBD may also promote heart health. The study looked at a small group of male participants with high blood pressure who took 600mg of CBD every day for seven days. Not only did the men see reduced blood pressure, but they also saw a lower increase when subjected to stress tests. Granted, the group consisted of nine participants, so it’s far from conclusive. Observer’s 2022 Best CBD Oil article is a trustworthy place to start, which lists the top 10 CBD oils to buy. They reviewed dozens of products in the market through blind product testing, where labels and packaging were removed. THC and Its BenefitsTHC remains somewhat controversial. Recreational users appreciate it for its intoxicating impact on the central nervous system. However, some medical consumers have a love-hate relationship with tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychotropic effects aside, THC has some well-documented benefits. Chronic PainLike CBD, THC may be effective at controlling chronic pain. A massive 2017 review in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined over 10,000 academic studies. The review discovered a strong correlation between THC, other cannabinoids, and pain management. Lung HealthConventional wisdom tells us that smoking harms our lungs. This is true of tobacco, but what about cannabis? A 2012 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association examined that question – and found some surprising results. The 20-year study followed over 5,000 young adults who smoked high-THC cannabis (a.k.a. “marijuana”), tobacco, or both. While the cigarette smokers unsurprisingly showed decreased lung function, cannabis-only users didn’t. In fact, the researchers discovered that mild to moderate cannabis users experienced increased lung capacity. Still, the authors warn that chronic, heavy cannabis smoking will likely harm the lungs, so moderation is key. We recommend using vaporizers, edibles, oils, or topicals as an alternative to burning dried flower. CBG and Its BenefitsCannabigerol (CBG) is making waves in the supplement community as information about its benefits slowly emerges. Growing interest led to several preliminary studies which support cannabigerol’s potential therapeutic benefits. AppetiteMany medical conditions or treatments can affect appetites, such as eating disorders or chemotherapy. CBG, however, may help improve appetite. A 2016 study in Psychopharmacology examined the potential appetite-stimulating effects of CBG on rat subjects. Once researchers established an appetite baseline, the rats received a steady dose of CBG every three days. The study found that while the volume of food consumption per feeding didn’t change, the frequency of each feeding increased. GlaucomaGlaucoma was one of the first conditions to be addressed by medical cannabis – specifically THC. But a 2008 review in the National Library of Medicine indicates that CBG may also play a role. Specifically, the publication notes the presence of CB1 and CB2 endocannabinoid receptors in the eye. This explains why CBG can bind to those receptors and offers the same therapeutic effects as THC in glaucoma. CBN and Its BenefitsA newer product on the hemp-derived supplement scene, cannabinol (CBN), has little research to back its benefits. Still, a little is better than none at all, but it should be taken with a grain of salt. However, what sets CBN apart is that – aside from THC – CBN is the only other known cannabinoid with intoxicating psychoactive effects. However, these effects are so mild that they’re barely noticeable (if at all). However, it can add a little extra boost to THC’s recreational “high.” SleepLike many cannabinoids, CBN is believed to have sedative properties. For the moment, this is primarily anecdotal, save for one old 1975 study published in the journal Karger. The experiment involved five male participants who received CBN, THC, or a mix of both. CBN alone didn’t appear to make a big difference, but those who took a combination dose noticed increased intoxication, dizziness, and drowsiness compared to the CBN, THC, and placebo groups. NeuroprotectantCBN may offer some neuroprotective benefits. One 2005 study by Weydt et al. examined CBN’s effects on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in mice. CBN was administered beneath the skin through a pump device at 5mg/kg for 12 weeks. The study observed that CBN “…significantly delays disease onset by more than two weeks while survival was not affected.” In other words, while CBN won’t reverse ALS, it may slow down its progress to buy time for conventional treatment. CBDA and Its BenefitsCBDA stands for “cannabidiolic acid.” This cannabinoid is essentially CBD but in an unheated acidic form. When heated, CBDA undergoes decarboxylation – a process where the molecular structure loses a “carboxyl group” consisting of one carbon atom, two oxygen atoms, and one hydrogen atom (COOH). CBDA’s benefits are familiar to CBD consumers since CBDA offers similar therapeutic uses. InflammationCBDA may have anti-inflammatory properties. A 2008 study in Drug Metabolism and Disposition examined THCA and CBDA’s effects on inflammatory responses in cultured cells. When applied to the cells, both THCA and CBDA showed anti-inflammatory effects. However, CBDA performed better than THCA. The researchers observed how both cannabinoids acted as COX-2 inhibitors, enzymes responsible for developing compounds that trigger inflammation. Stifling the COX-2, CBDA and THCA could reduce the inflammatory response. Breast CancerInterestingly, the COX-2 inhibition displayed in the above study also profoundly impacted research into CBDA and breast cancer. A 2014 study by Takeda et al. noted that COX-2 isn’t just a driving force for inflammation. The enzyme also apparently encourages the growth and development of breast cancer (and possibly other cancer) cells. The experimenters applied raw CBDA to cultured breast cancer cells and noticed how the cannabinoid altered gene expression in combination with the anti-inflammatory effects of COX-2. Ultimately this combined effect slowed the growth of those cultured cells. However, research in a Petrie dish isn’t comparable to actual human studies. Do Cannabinoids Have Side Effects?Yes, cannabinoids have side effects. The adverse reactions vary depending on the cannabinoid (and person) in question. Without many human trials, it’s challenging to know the negative impact of most cannabinoids. So let’s stick with the most heavily-consumed products: THC and CBD. THCFrom a recreational perspective, many of THC’s side effects are sought after by consumers. However, medical users may not be so keen to experience those results. In some instances, THC’s adverse effects have no recreational benefit either. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, consumption or over-consumption of THC can cause side effects like:
THC’s potential complications are comparatively milder than other drugs, such as alcohol or nicotine. However, it’s essential to approach this cannabis product with extreme caution. CBDAlthough substantially milder than THC due to its non-intoxicating properties, CBD is known to cause some – albeit minor – side effects. Dr. Peter Grinspoon of Harvard Health Publishing explains that CBD is generally well-tolerated by the human body. Side effects are minor and typically include:
However, Grinspoon warns that certain medications may negatively interact with CBD, including blood-thinners and seizure medicines. Patients using these other drugs are at an increased risk of experiencing potentially dangerous side effects. What are Synthetic Cannabinoids?Synthetic cannabinoids are artificial cannabinoids meant to mimic the recreational effects of their natural counterparts in cannabis plants. Although they’re easy to find at many head shops and illegal websites, the Food and Drug Administration hasn’t approved their production or use – and for a good reason. Unlike phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoid products – also known as “K2,” “AK-47,” “Scooby Snacks,” or “spice” – are dangerous and potentially deadly, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC also explains that, while states try to ban these substances, manufacturers find clever ways to keep lawmakers and regulators off their backs. Legality aside, don’t consume synthetic cannabinoids. What are Endogenous Cannabinoids?Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) are neurotransmitters that form a single part of a much more extensive “network” of cannabinoids and receptors that make up the endocannabinoid system. The two main endocannabinoids are anandamide – which is chemically similar in structure to THC – and 2AG. But what role do they play? The real question is, what role don’t they play. A 2018 entry in the Journal of Young Investigators further highlights the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in maintaining homeostasis. This, as we’ll discuss next, has far-reaching implications for our health. How Do Endocannabinoids Work?Endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids work the same way. All cannabinoids produce their effects through the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively. When the body experiences an issue, such as pain or inflammation, it sends out a physical distress signal. The compounds then bind to the endocannabinoid receptors in (or connected to) the affected area to stabilize or relieve the symptoms. Endogenous cannabinoids play a crucial role in balancing and regulating several vital functions, including:
What to Look for When Buying Cannabinoids?Cannabinoid extracts are available everywhere, but this can be a blessing and a curse. There are a lot of amazing vendors out there, but you’ll also find plenty who don’t fit the bill. So how do you tell if a product is worth trying? Keep a lookout for the following benchmarks. Company ReputationHaving a solid background with an even stronger positive customer response helps credibility. While there’s nothing inherently wrong with giving up-and-coming vendors a chance, you’re more likely to enjoy a product that’s been in the market for a while. Colorado Botanicals, for instance, has several years of experience in the CBD scene. This allowed them to perfect a proprietary CO2 extraction process for natural cannabinoid and terpene retention. They’re also working hard on new enhanced CBD and CBG supplement products. Other vendors are also following that same route, although they still make up a smaller – albeit growing – portion of the cannabinoid supplement market. Third-Party Lab ReportsMost cannabis plant extract companies stand by their products and have no problem proving that through independent analyses. Comprehensive lab reports provide verifiable proof that what you consume isn’t just safe but also exactly as advertised. If a vendor doesn’t offer links to third-party lab reports, you should consider looking elsewhere. Customer ReviewsAny company can say their cannabinoid products are excellent, revolutionary, or other marketing terms. But if you want genuine, unbiased reviews, the best source comes from individual customers. Sites like Reddit or TrustPilot are full of people who tried the products. They won’t pull any punches when it comes to honest criticisms. Return PolicyAnother indication of quality is a company’s return policy. Generous guarantees are typically an indication that the vendor doesn’t expect many returns. On the other hand, companies with restrictive return policies may care more about securing a sale than making you happy. Summary: What are Cannabinoids and Their EffectsThere are over 100 cannabinoids inside the cannabis plant, but they’re far from the only ones. Endocannabinoids perform a fundamental role that can be supplemented or supported with phytocannabinoids like CBD, THC, CBG, CBN, CBDA, etc. Synthetic cannabinoids also exist, but they don’t work the same way as their natural cannabis plant counterparts. Their effects are simulated and don’t rely on natural cannabinoid receptors – not to mention they can be deadly. Besides CBD’s effectiveness against severe childhood epilepsy, cannabinoids aren’t backed by complete clinical human trials. This deficiency is unfortunate, to say the least. Hopefully, the multitude of preliminary studies will eventually lead to more conclusive human research in the near future. SourcesBoehnke, K. F., Gagnier, J. J., Matallana, L., & Williams, D. A. (2021). Cannabidiol use for fibromyalgia: Prevalence of use and perceptions of effectiveness in a large online survey. The Journal of Pain, 22(5), 556–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.001 Brierley, D. I., Samuels, J., Duncan, M., Whalley, B. J., & Williams, C. M. (2015). Neuromotor tolerability and behavioural characterisation of cannabidiolic acid, a phytocannabinoid with therapeutic potential for anticipatory nausea. Psychopharmacology, 233(2), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4100-1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, April 24). Synthetic cannabinoids: What are they? what are their effects? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hsb/chemicals/sc/default.html Grinspoon, MD, P. (2021, September 24). Cannabidiol (CBD)-what we know and what we don’t. Harvard Health. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476 The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.nap.edu/resource/24625/Cannabis_chapter_highlights.pdf Jadoon, K. A., Tan, G. D., & O’Sullivan, S. E. (2017). A single dose of cannabidiol reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. JCI Insight, 2(12). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.93760 Karniol, I. G., Shirakawa, I., Takahashi, R. N., Knobel, E., & Musty, R. E. (1975). Effects of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in man. Pharmacology, 13(6), 502–512. https://doi.org/10.1159/000136944 Kunos, G., Osei-Hyiaman, D., Liu, J., Godlewski, G., & Bátkai, S. (2008). Endocannabinoids and the control of energy homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(48), 33021–33025. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r800012200 MediLexicon International. (n.d.). Endocannabinoids: What are they and what do they do? Medical News Today. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/endocannabinoid Nadolska K, Goś R. Mozliwości zastosowania kannabinoidów w leczeniu jaskry [Possibilities of applying cannabinoids’ in the treatment of glaucoma]. Klin Oczna. 2008;110(7-9):314-7. Polish. PMID: 19112869. Pletcher, M. J., Vittinghoff, E., Kalhan, R., Richman, J., Safford, M., Sidney, S., Lin, F., & Kertesz, S. (2012). Association between marijuana exposure and pulmonary function over 20 years. JAMA, 307(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1961 Takeda, S., Misawa, K., Yamamoto, I., & Watanabe, K. (2008). Cannabidiolic acid as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory component in Cannabis. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 36(9), 1917–1921. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.108.020909 Takeda, S., Okazaki, H., Ikeda, E., Abe, S., Yoshioka, Y., Watanabe, K., & Aramaki, H. (2014). Down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by cannabidiolic acid in human breast cancer cells. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 39(5), 711–716. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.39.711 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2021, June 7). Marijuana drugfacts. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana Weydt, P., Hong, S., Witting, A., Möller, T., Stella, N., & Kliot, M. (2005). Cannabinol delays symptom onset in SOD1 (G93A) transgenic mice without affecting survival. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 6(3), 182–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660820510030149 The post What are Cannabinoids? Their Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, & More appeared first on Colorado Botanicals. via Colorado Botanicals https://cobocbd.com/what-are-cannabinoids/ Lots of psychedelic compounds are currently under testing to assess their benefits for treating different psychological issues. Though magic mushrooms, LSD, and ketamine get the most attention, there are many more to consider. Recently, Phase I ended for Small Pharma’s DMT trials into depression, and the results so far are very promising. Phase I DMT trials look promising which means yet another psychedelic getting closer to legalization. We’re on top of everything important in this growing industry, so sign up for The Psychedelics Weekly Newsletter to stay informed on everything happening now. You’ll also get access to exclusive & premium deals on flowers, vapes, edibles, and more! And don’t worry, our prices on cannabinoids like HHC-O, Delta 8, Delta 9 THC, Delta-10 THC, THCO, THCV, THCP & HHC , won’t break the bank. Head over to our “Best-of” list to find your favorite products, and enjoy responsibly! What is DMT?N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, AKA DMT, is a psychedelic compound, meaning it fits under the category of hallucinogenic compounds, which itself is under the heading of psychoactive compounds. DMT is naturally occurring, and can be found in plants such as Psychotria viridis (one half of ayahuasca), in the bark of Virola theiodora, and in the skin of bufo toads, among other places. DMT is processed into a white powder that can be brewed into a tea, snorted, vaped or smoked, or injected. DMT was synthesized first by Canadian chemist Richard Manske in 1931. It wasn’t found in a plant till years later in 1946 by microbiologist Oswaldo Gonçalves de Lima. It wasn’t until 10 years after that, that the hallucinogenic aspect was discovered, and this when Stephen Szara, a Hungarian chemist and psychiatrist, took DMT he extracted from the Mimosa hostilis plant. Unlike some psychedelics like LSD and mushrooms, which provide hours long highs, DMT is a relatively short high, lasting 30-45 minutes. When it’s used in ayahuasca, in conjunction with the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, the MAO inhibitors of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine keep the DMT from breaking down as fast, which extends the high by many hours. ![]() DMT is a serotonergic compound, meaning it acts on serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-ht2a receptor. At most/all receptors it acts as a non-selective agonist. Serotonin is a hormone that’s associated with mood stabilization, feeling happy, promoting well-being, but also with anxiety, and depression. Having too little serotonin is associated with depressive issues, while too much is associated with increased activity in nerve cells. DMT has been used in history going back to around 1,000 years in the Sora River valley in southwestern Bolivia (though this is simply the earliest an artifact of this nature has been found, which doesn’t preclude its use before this time). This is known because of the finding of a pouch which contained both DMT and harmine, which together imply that ayahuasca was being made. Many scientists believe the human body can create DMT on its own with the pineal gland in the brain. This is thought to happen when a person knows they will die, to minimize the anxiety of dying. However most research into this has been done exclusively on animals. DMT sits in Schedule I of the DEA’s Controlled Substances list, and is a Class A drug in the UK. Phase I DMT trialsLast year I reported how the very first medical trials ever had started into DMT (called SPL026 for the study). These dose-escalating, placebo-controlled trials were conducted by Small Pharma (a neuropharmaceutical company) in conjunction with Imperial College London, and are being done to investigate DMT for the treatment of depression. Since DMT is a Class A drug in the UK, meaning completely illegal, in order to do the study, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency had to approve the use of DMT in trials. It was announced this was approved in December 2020. In these Phase I trials, DMT was given to a small grouping of healthy participants in order to judge safety and efficacy. In an upcoming second phase, the drug will be given to patients with depression to test its effects on depression as a part of psychedelic-assisted therapy. According to Carol Routledge, the chief scientific and medical officer at Small Pharma, “Taking the drug before therapy is akin to shaking up a snow globe and letting the flakes settle… The psychedelic drug breaks up all of the ruminative thought processes in your brain – it literally undoes what has been done by either the stress you’ve been through or the depressive thoughts you have – and hugely increases the making of new connections.” She continues: ![]() “Then the [psychotherapy] session afterwards is the letting-things-settle piece of things – it helps you to make sense of those thoughts and puts you back on the right track. We think this could be a treatment for a number of depressive disorders besides major depression, including PTSD, treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and possibly some types of substance abuse.” How did Phase I DMT trials turn out?In September 2021, it was announced that Phase I of the DMT trials had come to an end, leading the way for Phase IIa trials. As explained, this second trial will use patients to start looking at the therapeutic value of the drug. Small Pharma CEO Peter Rands had this to say about the completion of Phase I: “We are delighted to have made such swift and excellent progress in the seven months since starting Phase I. The successful completion of Phase I means we can now truly assess SPL026 as a new potential treatment option for patients with MDD. There has been little innovation for patients suffering from MDD in the last few decades and SPL026 has the potential to change the mental health treatment landscape and provide a much-needed alternative therapy for patients.” Dr. Routledge, explained further, “We have achieved a significant milestone in the development of SPL026. With a strong safety and tolerability profile, now demonstrated, we can move ahead with the first regulated clinical trial of DMT-assisted therapy in patients. These results lay the foundation for Small Pharma’s DMT-assisted therapy as a potential new paradigm in the treatment of MDD.” What were the general results of Phase I? The main findings thus far, are that:
![]() Since the end of Phase I in the fall, the second phase, Phase IIa, has been started with 42 patients with major depressive disorder. The main point of this phase is to judge efficacy of a 1-dose model vs a two-dose model, combined with therapy sessions for these patients. This phase also allows the company to gain further information on safety, and how well tolerated the drug is. For the study, depression levels are measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating scale. This will be used to assess if there is a decrease in depression after treatment. The study locations where clinical trial are being held in the UK are Hammersmith Medicines Research and MAC Clinical Research. Topline results can be expected sometime in the first half of 2022 for this part of the study. Into the futureThough its impossible to say how a study will turn out, or whether it will produce a marketable drug, my guess is that this study will help lead to a medical legalization for DMT in some places. Though the UK is not quite as far ahead as the US in terms of psychedelics, it could be the first to pass such a legalization for DMT. Should the US consider these study results – and assuming they are positive throughout, it’s quite likely to get a legalization there. The US is already on its way to such legalizations for other drugs. This can be seen in the FDA giving ‘breakthrough therapy’ designations to both psilocybin (twice) and MDMA, which is not only in Phase III trials by MAPS, but which had those trials planned in conjunction with the FDA to ensure results meet regulation. On a state level, there are tons of locations now that have decriminalized magic mushrooms and/or entheogenic plants as a whole, like Detroit, Seattle, Denver, and the state of Oregon, which also legalized them for medical use. Three states are also attempting to push through state-wide recreational legalization measure. Though the laws are slightly different by location, California, Michigan, and Washington are working to get initiatives through. ConclusionWe’ve still got plenty of time until final results come in on this study, but the Phase I DMT trials sure show a lot of promise. With psychedelics becoming more accepted, and getting closer to large scale legalizations, its certainly not out there to think that DMT could be one of the first to get a pass. Thanks for stopping by! You’ve made it to CBDtesters.co, the #1 web spot for the most important cannabis and psychedelics-related news going on now. Join us when possible to stay educated on the fast-paced landscape of legal drugs and industrial hemp, and make sure to subscribe to The Psychedelics Weekly Newsletter, so you’re always up on the important news. Disclaimer: Hi, I’m a researcher and writer. I’m not a doctor, lawyer, or businessperson. All information in my articles is sourced and referenced, and all opinions stated are mine. I am not giving anyone advice, and though I am more than happy to discuss topics, should someone have a further question or concern, they should seek guidance from a relevant professional. The post Phase I DMT Trials Show Consistent And Positive Results appeared first on CBD Testers. Via https://cbdtesters.co/2022/03/10/phase-i-dmt-trials-show-consistent-and-positive-results/ |
ABOUT MEHallo, ik ben Rosalina Klerkx, ik ben een RHIA-gecertificeerde zorgbeheerder met meer dan 6 jaar ervaring in het creëren van een productieve omgeving voor zorgprofessionals. Leiding gegeven aan een team van 12 opname- en verkoopmedewerkers in een instelling voor langdurige zorg met meer dan 170 patiënten. Opstellen van complexe HIPAA-conforme rapporten aan patiëntendienstcoördinatoren in een zorgkliniek. Archives
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